Pedestrian safety is a critical part of roadway safety in California. One of the most important laws governing pedestrian rights and driver responsibilities is California Vehicle Code 21950 (CVC 21950). This statute establishes clear rules about when drivers must yield and how pedestrians are protected when crossing the street.
Whether you are a driver, cyclist, or pedestrian, understanding this law can help you avoid costly citations, prevent accidents, and protect your legal rights. Below, we explain what CVC 21950 means, how it applies, and what happens if the law is violated.
What Is California Vehicle Code 21950?
California Vehicle Code 21950 establishes the right-of-way rules for pedestrians at crosswalks. It applies throughout the state and is one of the primary statutes used in pedestrian-related traffic citations and accident cases.
The law focuses on three core principles:
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Drivers must yield to pedestrians in crosswalks — This applies to both marked and unmarked crosswalks at intersections.
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Pedestrians have the right-of-way within crosswalks — Drivers must allow them to cross safely.
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Drivers must exercise due care — Motorists must slow down and take precautions to avoid striking a pedestrian.
California Vehicle Code 21950 says:
“The driver of a vehicle must yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within any marked or unmarked crosswalk at an intersection. The driver must exercise caution and slow down as necessary to avoid accidents.”
In simple terms, if a pedestrian is lawfully crossing in a crosswalk, drivers must yield and take reasonable steps to prevent a collision.
What Is Considered a Crosswalk?
Many drivers assume crosswalks only exist where white lines are painted. That is incorrect.
Under California law, crosswalks include:
Marked Crosswalks
These are clearly painted on the roadway and often accompanied by pedestrian signs or traffic signals.
Unmarked Crosswalks
These exist at most intersections where two roads meet, even if there are no painted lines. Unless specifically prohibited, pedestrians still have right-of-way at these intersections.
This means drivers must remain alert at all intersections, not just those with visible crosswalk markings.
Responsibilities of Drivers Under CVC 21950
Drivers have significant responsibilities when approaching intersections and crosswalks.
They must:
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Yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in crosswalks
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Reduce speed when approaching pedestrians
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Stop if necessary to allow safe crossing
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Exercise reasonable care to avoid hitting a pedestrian
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Remain alert, especially near schools, parks, and high-traffic pedestrian areas
Failing to yield—even momentarily—can result in a traffic citation or more serious consequences if an accident occurs.
Responsibilities of Pedestrians
While CVC 21950 strongly protects pedestrians, it does not give unlimited rights.
Pedestrians must:
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Avoid suddenly stepping into traffic if a vehicle cannot reasonably stop
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Follow pedestrian control signals
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Exercise reasonable care for their own safety
California law promotes shared responsibility between drivers and pedestrians.
Penalties for Violating California Vehicle Code 21950
Failing to yield to a pedestrian can result in serious penalties.
Traffic Fine
A violation typically results in a base fine that can exceed $200 once fees and assessments are added.
DMV Points
A conviction generally adds one point to your driving record, which can impact insurance premiums.
Increased Insurance Rates
Insurance companies often raise rates following a moving violation.
Civil Liability
If a pedestrian is injured, the driver may face a personal injury lawsuit and be held financially responsible for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering.
Criminal Charges
If the violation leads to serious injury or death, misdemeanor or felony charges may apply.
Because of these risks, it is critical to understand and follow the law carefully.
Common Misunderstandings About CVC 21950
“I only have to stop if the crosswalk is painted.”
Incorrect. Unmarked crosswalks at intersections are legally valid.
“Pedestrians always have the right-of-way.”
Not entirely. Pedestrians must not suddenly enter traffic when a vehicle cannot safely stop.
“Cyclists don’t have to yield.”
Incorrect. Bicycles are considered vehicles under California law and must yield to pedestrians in crosswalks.
“If someone is jaywalking, I’m not responsible.”
Drivers still have a duty to exercise due care to avoid hitting a pedestrian, even outside a crosswalk.
Examples
Busy City Intersection
A pedestrian steps into a marked crosswalk while vehicles have a green light. Drivers must yield before proceeding through the intersection.
Residential Neighborhood
At an intersection with no painted lines, a pedestrian begins crossing. The driver must still yield because the intersection forms an unmarked crosswalk.
Sudden Entry
If a pedestrian unexpectedly steps into traffic too close for safe stopping, the pedestrian may share responsibility—but the driver must still show reasonable effort to avoid a collision.
Why CVC 21950 Is Important
Pedestrian accidents remain a serious concern across California. This law serves to:
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Reduce preventable injuries
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Clarify right-of-way rules
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Promote safer driving behavior
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Protect vulnerable individuals such as children and seniors
Understanding CVC 21950 not only helps drivers avoid citations but also plays a vital role in preventing life-altering accidents.
Practical Safety Tips
For Drivers
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Approach intersections cautiously
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Scan sidewalks before turning
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Avoid distracted driving
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Slow down in school zones and residential areas
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Never assume a pedestrian will wait
For Pedestrians
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Make eye contact with drivers before crossing
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Stay visible at night
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Avoid distractions like texting
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Use crosswalks whenever possible
Safety on the road is a shared responsibility.
Conclusion
California Vehicle Code 21950 is a cornerstone of pedestrian protection in the state. It requires drivers to yield to pedestrians in both marked and unmarked crosswalks and to exercise reasonable care to avoid accidents. At the same time, pedestrians must act responsibly and avoid placing themselves in dangerous situations.
Knowing your rights and obligations under this law can help you avoid fines, protect your driving record, and most importantly, prevent serious injuries.
If you have received a citation under California Vehicle Code 21950 or were involved in a pedestrian-related traffic incident, professional legal guidance can make a significant difference. Contact Southwest Legal today for experienced representation, strategic defense, and trusted legal advice. Protect your rights and drive forward with confidence.